Рефераты. International Combating The Crimes Harming The Economic Development Of States

About the forms and methods of the prevention(warning), revealing, suppression and disclosing of illegal financial transactions, and also financial transactions connected to legalization of the incomes, received by an illegal way;


About  transferring of currency values between the states-psrticipants of agreement;


About infringements of realization of financial transactions both development of the forms and methods of legalization  of the incomes received by an illegal way;


About financial transactions connected to reception of the incomes, which, under the items of information of competent bodies, probably, are received illegaly;


Interaction on realization of measures directed to reveal illegal (from the point of view of the national legislation of country) of financial transactions, and also financial transactions connected to legalization of the incomes, received by an illegal way;


Realization of joint analytical studies on problems touching mutual interests of countries - participants of the agreement in financial transactions, incomes, connected to legalizations, received by an illegal way, rendering assistance, in training the experts, in creation of information systems ensuring fulfilment of problems on prevention and revealing of financial transactions, incomes, connected to legalizations, received by an illegal way;


Other kind of the crime, encroaching on economic development of the state  - counterfeiting, is also closely connected to all considered in the present work crimes,  especially with smuggling.


For effective struggle against the this crime and its prevention the expedient acceptance of the following measures is recommended:


Conclusion of the bilateral agreements or creation of the regional convention about rendering of the mutual  assitance on struggle against counterfeiting and definition of them in the rules of these documents.


Harmonistaion of norms of the legislation of the agreeing states, information exchange, among the competent agencies of agreeing countries about revealing false legal currency of these countries, and also about the preparing or committed crimes, about participation of juridical bodies andindividuals  in these crimes, realization of joint scientific conferences, communication exchange and training of the experts,          


The realization of the above-stated measures would promote the further reduction of quantitative structure of crimes of the this kind.


By the last kind of offences ecnroaching the economic development of the states is an illegal turn-over of narcotic means and psychotropic substances.


This kind of crimes not only encroaches the economic development of the states, but also represents real threat to safety for bases of the state, as these crimes closely connected to the organized crime which gathered the capital by a criminal way, is triying to penetrate into imperous structures.


The important condition of increase of efficiency of struggle against an illegal turn-over of narcotic means and psychotropic substances is strengthening preventive measures. The latter requires revealing the reasons and conditions promoting their commitment. For example such as:


Insufficient work of law-enforcement agencies on statement on the record-keeping of the individuals inclined to commitment crimes, connected with drugs. So about 33 % of the early condemned for the indicated crime persons were not delivered on the preventive record-keeping;[26]


Extraction of a large profit by the people producing and selling narcotic substances. In a pursuit of profit distributors constantly use all methods to expand a circle of the consumers of drugs. The extraction of huge profits attracts to  narcobusiness the organized crime.


The experience of struggle against narcomafia in foreign countries shows, that one of major directions of activity of the organized crime is the wide circulation of narcotic means and psychotropic substances.


The attributes of participation of structures of the organized crime in our republic are present.


To such attributes it is possible to relate: participation in illegal operations with narcotic means of a fair quantity of the persons; complex hierarchical structure of criminal groups (availability one or several organizers, divisions executing security and intelligence functions); connection of criminal groups with the separate workers of law-enforcement bodies and state structures;


Absence of due interaction between law-enforcement bodies and wide sections of state and public organizations.


Main defect of work on struggle against narcobusiness is singlepurpose approach of law-enforcement bodies, It is impossible to win drug additcion as a social evil, using the forces only of law-enforcement bodies. It is the  problem of all our society.


With the purposes of increase the efficiency of preventive measures of struggle against crimes connected with drugs, it is represented expedient:


During realization of measures on revealing and destruction of illegal crops conatining narcotic substances to distribute  optimally forces and means of law-enforcement bodies, widely attracting the representatives of  public organizations;


To use advanced experience of world practice on revealing and destruction of underground plantations of plants conaining narcotic substances, struggle against illegal manufacturing  and distribution of drugs;


The struggle against an illegal turn-over of narcotic means and psychotropic substances should be carried out on a basis of scientifically developed nation-wide comprehensive programme. Among main sections it should contain:


The particular(specific) purposes and problems, and also radical and complex measures on struggle against narcobusiness ;


Study and use of foreign experience of struggle against distribution of narcotic means and psychotropic substances (first of all - experience of  Interpol);


Maintenance by the competent staff - experts able to handle  struggle against an illegal turn-over of narcotic means and psychotropic substances. It assumes first of all training of the experts - professionals.


For these purposes in educational establishments of system of law-enforcement bodies it is necessary: to create the specialized groups, branches or faculties with training of the future experts under the separate programs; to organize short-term  courses, where the employees of departments would increase professional skills on struggle against narcobusiness;  invitation in educational establishments of system of law-enforcement bodies of the teachers from foreign countries for teaching separate courses connected with these subjects; exchange by experience or professional training in the appropriate divisions of a Interpol or law-enforcement bodies of other states of the employees.


And one of obligatory conditions of successful work on struggle against narcobusiness and qualitative preparation of the experts in educational establishments (divisions) should become study and knowledge of one - two foreign languages.


It is represented, that the realization of the above-stated proposals will promote strengthening of struggle against an illegal turn-over of narcotic means and psychotropic substances.


In front of the developing states there is a complex problem of search of optimum conditions for legal struggle against crimes encroaching their economic development.


These problems are connected not only to improvement of the criminal legislation and its practical application by bodies of the criminal justice, but the usage only measures of legal struggle against crime in particular with economic, is insufficient.


In this plan, one of questions worth before the states for maintenance of successful struggle against crimes damaging the economic development of the states is realization of successful international cooperation on struggle against this kind of offences.

In the plan of legal struggle against crime the process of integration is displayed in harmonization of the national legislation in conformity with requests of the international agreements, implemenation of norms of the international law to the national legislation, conclusion of the interstate, intergovernmental and interdepartmental agreements on rendering the mutual assistance on criminal legal relations, participation in international organizations (such as Interpol), exchange of scientific and technical information and experience, realization of a joint conferences and so on.


The present work reviewed and analyzed the questions of one group of crimes of international character, namely criminal offences harming the economic development of the states (smuggling, legalization of the illegal incomes, counterfeiting and illegal turn-over of narcotic means and psychotropic substances), and also questions and problems of realization of international cooperation of the states on struggle against these kinds of crimes were considered.


With allowance for above-stated, the decision of the most essential problems of cooperation seems especially important, to me in the field of struggle against crime, protection of law and order and maintenance of the rights and interests of the citizens.


First of all, this is the problem of improvement of legislative base, which purpose - creation of conditions for closer and fruitful communications of competent agencies, for realization of more effective struggle against crime.


Also at  present stage the special importance acquires such aspects of law-enforcement activity as problems of participation of the representatives of bodies of the justice in development of new documents directed to the prevent the crime and to struggle,exchange of experience, scientific and technical information and monitoring of changes of the last scientific and technological achievements, so that the norms of the legislation accordingly reacted to these changes and innovations.



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