Ðåôåðàòû. Àâòîñòîÿíêè

Àâòîñòîÿíêè

Ñîäåðæàíèå:

1. Ââåäåíèå                                                                                                                                  2

2. Ïîñòàíîâêà çàäà÷è                                                                                                                  3                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

3. Ñòðóêòóðà âûõîäíûõ è âõîäíûõ äàííûõ                                                                              4                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

4. Äèàãðàììà êëàññîâ                                                                                                                 5                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         

5. Îïèñàíèå îñíîâíûõ êëàññîâ                                                                                                 6

  5.1 CColum                                                                                                                                 6                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

  5.2 ÑRecord                                                                                                                                7            

  5.3 ÑRow                                                                                                                                    8                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    9

  5.4 CTable                                                                                                                                   9

6. Àëãîðèòì ïî øàãàì                                                                                                                 9

6.1 CTable(string&filename)                                                                                                           9

6.2 CTable::AddRow(CRow&rr)                                                                                                   9    

6.3 CTable::GetCmp(vector<CRow>&finded,string nam,string dat)                                                 9

6.4 CTable::ChangeData(CRow&rr,string nam,string dat)                                                                9

6.5 CTable::DeleteData(string nam,string dat)                                                                                  9

6.6 CTable::Is()                                                                                                                              10

7. Ëèñòèíã ïðîãðàììû                                                                                                               11

8. Ðåçóëüòàò ðàáîòû ïðîãðàììû                                                                                                49

9. Çàêëþ÷åíèå                                                                                                                              51

10. Ëèòåðàòóðà                                                                                                                             52

1.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ââåäåíèå

ßçûê ïðîãðàììèðîâàíèÿ ñëóæèò äâóì ñâÿçàííûì ìåæäó ñîáîé öåëÿì: îí äàåò ïðîãðàììèñòó àïïàðàò äëÿ çàäàíèÿ äåéñòâèé, êîòîðûå äîëæíû áûòü âûïîëíåíû, è ôîðìèðóåò êîíöåïöèè, êîòîðûìè ïîëüçóåòñÿ ïðîãðàììèñò, ðàçìûøëÿÿ î òîì, ÷òî äåëàòü. Ïåðâîé öåëè èäåàëüíî îòâå÷àåò ÿçûê, êîòîðûé íàñòîëüêî "áëèçîê ê ìàøèíå", ÷òî âñåìè îñíîâíûìè ìàøèííûìè àñïåêòàìè ìîæíî ëåãêî è ïðîñòî îïåðèðîâàòü äîñòàòî÷íî î÷åâèäíûì äëÿ ïðîãðàììèñòà îáðàçîì. Ñ òàêèì óìûñëîì ïåðâîíà÷àëüíî çàäóìûâàëñÿ C. Âòîðîé öåëè èäåàëüíî îòâå÷àåò ÿçûê, êîòîðûé íàñòîëüêî "áëèçîê ê ðåøàåìîé çàäà÷å", ÷òîáû êîíöåïöèè åå ðåøåíèÿ ìîæíî áûëî âûðàæàòü ïðÿìî è êîðîòêî. Ñ òàêèì óìûñëîì ïðåäâàðèòåëüíî çàäóìûâàëèñü ñðåäñòâà, äîáàâëåííûå ê C äëÿ ñîçäàíèÿ C++.

Ñâÿçü ìåæäó ÿçûêîì, íà êîòîðîì ìû äóìàåì/ïðîãðàììèðóåì, è çàäà÷àìè è ðåøåíèÿìè, êîòîðûå ìû ìîæåì ïðåäñòàâëÿòü â ñâîåì âîîáðàæåíèè, î÷åíü áëèçêà. Ïî ýòîé ïðè÷èíå îãðàíè÷èâàòü ñâîéñòâà ÿçûêà òîëüêî öåëÿìè èñêëþ÷åíèÿ îøèáîê ïðîãðàììèñòà â ëó÷øåì ñëó÷àå îïàñíî. Êàê è â ñëó÷àå ñ åñòåñòâåííûìè ÿçûêàìè, åñòü îãðîìíàÿ ïîëüçà áûòü ïî êðàéíåé ìåðå äâóÿçû÷íûì. ßçûê ïðåäîñòàâëÿåò ïðîãðàììèñòó íàáîð êîíöåïòóàëüíûõ èíñòðóìåíòîâ; åñëè îíè íå îòâå÷àþò çàäà÷å, òî èõ ïðîñòî èãíîðèðóþò. Íàïðèìåð, ñåðüåçíûå îãðàíè÷åíèÿ êîíöåïöèè óêàçàòåëÿ çàñòàâëÿþò ïðîãðàììèñòà ïðèìåíÿòü âåêòîðà è öåëóþ àðèôìåòèêó, ÷òîáû ðåàëèçîâàòü ñòðóêòóðû, óêàçàòåëè è ò.ï. Õîðîøåå ïðîåêòèðîâàíèå è îòñóòñòâèå îøèáîê íå ìîæåò ãàðàíòèðîâàòüñÿ ÷èñòî çà ñ÷åò ÿçûêîâûõ ñðåäñòâ.

Cèñòåìà òèïîâ äîëæíà áûòü îñîáåííî ïîëåçíà â íåòðèâèàëüíûõ çàäà÷àõ. Äåéñòâèòåëüíî, êîíöåïöèÿ êëàññîâ â C++ ïîêàçàëà ñåáÿ ìîùíûì êîíöåïòóàëüíûì ñðåäñòâîì.

































2.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Ïîñòàíîâêà çàäà÷è


Íàïèñàòü èíôîðìàöèîííóþ ñèñòåìó ïî ó÷¸òó àâòîìîáèëåé. Îðãàíèçîâàòü àâòîñòîÿíêè ïî ðàéîíàì. Îñóùåñòâëÿòü ïîèñê àâòîìîáèëåé íà êîíêðåòíîé àâòîñòîÿíêå è ïî âñåì àâòîñòîÿíêàì ïî âëàäåëüöó, ïî íîìåðó àâòîìîáèëÿ, ïî ìàðêå àâòîìîáèëÿ.

Ñòðàíèöû: 1, 2



2012 © Âñå ïðàâà çàùèùåíû
Ïðè èñïîëüçîâàíèè ìàòåðèàëîâ àêòèâíàÿ ññûëêà íà èñòî÷íèê îáÿçàòåëüíà.